CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MAIN CULTIVARS
ACAIÁ
Origin
It originated from the selection of individual plants of the Mundo Novo cultivar, being, therefore, 'Mundo Novo' by origin. The name Acaiá, in Tupi-Guarani, means fruits with large seeds, which characterizes the cultivars of this group. It is possible that the larger seeds of 'Acaiá' came from the Sumatra cultivar, which contributed to the origin of 'Mundo Novo'. In the P474 progeny of 'Mundo Novo', plants with larger seeds were obtained, with an average sieve one point more than the other selections of 'Mundo Novo'. It was also verified that their S2 progenies had larger seeds than those of 'Mundo Novo'. The descendants of the prefix IAC 474 gave rise to the cultivars of the Acaiá group, which began to be distributed to coffee growers in 1977. At that time, there was only the cultivar Acaiá and its lines. In 1999, each of the Acaiá cultivar lines was registered as a new cultivar in the National Cultivar Registry (RNC).
Features
Size: tall
Fruit color: red
Bud color: Bronze
Stamina: High
Maturation: Early
Sieve: High
Resistance: none
planting recommendations
The cultivars of the Acaiá group that were registered in the National Registry of Cultivars (RNC) in 1999 and are in distribution have the following suffixes: IAC 474-1, IAC 474-4, IAC 474-6, IAC 474-7, IAC 474-19, IAC 474-20. The cultivar Acaiá IAC 474-19 is the most planted, mainly in the south of Minas Gerais.
The Acaiá cultivars have a good ability to adapt to the coffee growing regions of Brazil and can be indicated, especially when it is intended to use mechanical harvesting and obtain larger seeds. They are especially suitable for dense planting in the row, as they have shorter lateral branches and their fruits are more uniform in maturation. The spacings of 2.0-3.0 mx 0.5 m have been used in dense plantations and 3.6-4.0 mx 0.5-0.7 m in plantations that allow mechanization.
ACAUÃ
Origin
The Acauã cultivar comes from the cross between 'Mundo Novo IAC 388-17' and Sarchimor IAC 1668 carried out by IBC technicians in 1975/76, in Paraná, where it was registered under the number IBC – PR 82010. Later, in 1991, in the F3 generation, the 82010-5-3 plant was introduced at the Experimental Farm in Caratinga, MG, also belonging to the IBC and, more recently, by technicians from the Procafé Foundation, in Varginha, Manhuaçu and Coromandel, MG. Currently, the Acauã cultivar is in the F6 generation and is being released for commercial planting.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: Dark red
Bud color: Bronze
Stamina: High
Maturity: Intermediate
Sieve: Medium
Resistance: Rust and moderate resistance to M. exigua.
planting recommendations
It is indicated for drier regions, for areas infested with M. exigua and for places where rust control is very important. It has shown good behavior in the region of Alto Paranaíba and Zona da Mata, in Minas Gerais and in Vitória da Conquista, in Bahia.
NOVO ACAUÃ
Origin
It was selected from the original Acauã
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: Dark red
Bud color: green
Stamina: High
Maturity: Intermediate
Sieve: Medium/High
Resistance: Rust and moderate resistance to M. exigua.
planting recommendations
It is indicated for drier regions, for areas infested with M. exigua and for places where rust control is very important. It has shown good behavior in the region of Alto Paranaíba and Zona da Mata, in Minas Gerais and in Vitória da Conquista, in Bahia.
ARARA
Origin
In 1996, in the municipality of Japira in Paraná, in a field of Sarchimor 1669-20, 2 plants of low size, very vigorous, productive, with yellow fruits and immune to rust appeared, possible crossing with Icatú 2944 or Catuaí yellow, of this selection, in 2012, the cultivar Arara was launched, which is being planted on a large scale by coffee growers.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: yellow
Bud color: green
Stamina: High
Maturity: Late
Sieve: High
Resistance: Rust and bacteria (pseudomonas)
planting recommendations
The Macaw has been planted and is adapting to all coffee growing regions.
ASA BRANCA
Origin
The cultivar was selected from the Acauã material, in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais, in the municipality of Coromandel-MG, at Fazenda Santo Antônio, where pits 65 and 66 were highlighted, which present high productivity and greater uniformity of maturation.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: Dark red
Bud color: green
Stamina: High
Maturity: Intermediate
Sieve: Medium
Resistance: Rust and moderate resistance to M. exigua.
planting recommendations
It is indicated for drier regions, for areas infested with M. exigua e for places where rust control is very important. It has shown good behavior in the region of Alto Paranaíba and Zona da Mata, in Minas Gerais and in Vitória da Conquista, in Bahia.
CATUAÍ AMARELO
Origin
It originated from the crossing, in 1949, between the Mundo Novo and the Caturra (Yellow Caturra C-476-11 and Mundo Novo CP 379-19), with the aim of associating the rusticity and vigor of the new world, with the short size. and the productive potential of caturra. Catuaí coffee plants have advantages in terms of ease of handling due to their small size, compared to the New World, but their vigor is lower. Main lineages of Red Catuaí: IAC-74, IAC-39, IAC-62, IAC-86, IAC-32, IAC-66 and IAC-100.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: yellow
Bud color: green
Stamina: High
Maturity: Intermediate
Sieve: Medium
Resistance: none
planting recommendations
Cultivated in all coffee growing regions.
CATUAÍ VERMELHO
Origin
It originated from the crossing, in 1949, between the Mundo Novo and the Caturra (Yellow Caturra C-476-11 and Mundo Novo CP 379-19), with the aim of associating the rusticity and vigor of the new world, with the short size. and the productive potential of caturra. Catuaí coffee plants have advantages in terms of ease of handling due to their small size, compared to the New World, but their vigor is lower. Main lineages of Red Catuaí: IAC-144, IAC-99, IAC-44, IAC-81, IAC-15, IAC-51.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: red
Bud color: green
Stamina: High
Maturity: Intermediate
Sieve: Medium
Resistance: none
planting recommendations
Cultivated in all coffee growing regions.
CATUCAÍ 785/15
Origin
It originated in a crop of 7500 plants of Icatú Vermelho, in 1986 at Fazenda Palmeiras, in São José do Vale do Rio Preto-RJ. In this field, 25 short hybrid plants were selected, probably from a cross between Icatú and Catuaí.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit Color: Yellow and Red
Bud color: Bronze
Stamina: High/Medium
Maturation: Early
Sieve: High
Resistance: Moderate to rust and M. exigua
planting recommendations
Regions with a mild climate and areas with exiguous nematodes.
CATUCAÍ AMARELO 20/15 hp 479
Origin
It originated in a crop of 7500 plants of Icatú Vermelho, in 1986 at Fazenda Palmeiras, in São José do Vale do Rio Preto-RJ. In this field, 25 short hybrid plants were selected, probably from a cross between Icatú and Catuaí.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: yellow
Bud color: Bronze (may have green plants)
Stamina: High
Maturity: Intermediate
Sieve: Medium
Resistance: Moderate to rust and phoma
planting recommendations
Adapts to all producing regions, suitable for areas prone to phoma.
CATUCAÍ AMARELO 24/137
Origin
It originated in a crop of 7500 plants of Icatú Vermelho, in 1986 at Fazenda Palmeiras, in São José do Vale do Rio Preto-RJ. In this field, 25 short hybrid plants were selected, probably from a cross between Icatú and Catuaí.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: yellow
Bud color: Bronze (may have green plants)
Stamina: High
Maturation: Intermediate/Early
Sieve: High
Resistance: Moderate to rust
planting recommendations
It has been adapted to different producing regions, it is interesting for plantations of high technological level to obtain high productivity.
CATUCAÍ AMARELO 2SL
Origin
It originated in a crop of 7500 plants of Icatú Vermelho, in 1986 at Fazenda Palmeiras, in São José do Vale do Rio Preto-RJ. In this field, 25 short hybrid plants were selected, probably from a cross between Icatú and Catuaí.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: yellow
Bud color: Bronze (may have green plants)
Stamina: High
Maturity: Intermediate
Sieve: Medium
Resistance: Moderate to rust and phoma
planting recommendations
Adapts to all producing regions, suitable for areas prone to phoma.
GRAUNE
Origin
The initial selection was made in Campo de lineages of Acauã, in Coromandel, receiving the denomination of Acauã 7/52. Afterwards, it was put to the test in tests conducted at the Experimental Farm of Fundação Procafé, in Boa Esperança, and then at the Experimental Farm in Varginha, and also at Fazenda Santa Helena, in Areado-MG. It was the origin of selections made from Acauã material.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: red
Bud Color: Bronze or Green
Stamina: High
Maturity: Intermediate
Sieve: High
Resistance: Rust
planting recommendations
It has adapted to many coffee growing regions, especially hotter and drier regions.
GUARA
Origin
Selection of Catucaí material.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: red
Bud color: green
Stamina: High
Maturity: Late
Sieve: High
Resistance: Rust
planting recommendations
It is indicated for hotter and drier regions typical of cerrado, and for places where rust control is very important.
JAPY
Origin
Selection of Catucaí material.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: red
Bud color: green
Stamina: High
Maturity: Late
Sieve: Medium
Resistance: Rust and moderate resistance to phoma and bacteria (pseudomonas)
planting recommendations
It is indicated for regions favorable to phoma and for dense plantations, as the Japi plant has a smaller crown diameter.
MUNDO NOVO 376/4 and MUNDO 379/19
Origin
It corresponds to a recombination resulting from a natural cross between the cultivars Sumatra and Bourbon Vermelho, found in the São Paulo municipality of Mineiros do Tietê. Seeds of one of these coffee trees were planted in the municipality of Mundo Novo, today Urupês (SP), where the mother plants that gave rise to the cultivar Mundo Novo were selected. In this location, between 1943 and 1952, selections of several parent plants were carried out and, later, selections between and within the progenies, seeking to eliminate several of the defects observed in the population. Selected progenies, then called Mundo Novo, were multiplied to be distributed to farmers from 1952 onwards. New selections were released by the IAC from 1977 onwards. In experiments carried out in Campinas, Jaú and Mococa, it was found that the best progenies of ' Mundo Novo' came to produce 80% more than the original material, without selection; 50% more than the best 'Yellow Bourbon' selections; 95% more than the best 'Red Bourbon' selections and 240% more than the 'Typical' progenies. In 1999, each of the old strains of the Mundo Novo cultivar, such as 379/19 and 376/4, was registered in the National Cultivars Registry (RNC) as a new cultivar, renamed 'Mundo Novo. IAC 379/19' and 'Mundo Novo IAC 376-4', respectively.
Features
Size: tall
Fruit color: red
Bud Color: Bronze or Green
Stamina: High
Maturation: Early
Sieve: High
Resistance: none
planting recommendations
The cultivars of the Mundo Novo group currently registered in the National Registry of Cultivars (RNC) and indicated for planting are designated by the suffixes: IAC 376-4, IAC 379-19, IAC 382-14, IAC 388-17, IAC 388-17- 1, IAC 388-6, IAC 464-12, IAC 515-5, IAC 515-20, IAC 501-5, IAC 502-1, IAC 467-11, and IAC 480-6. The cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 502-9 and the hybrids between coffee trees selected from 'Mundo Novo IAC H 2897' and 'IAC H 2931' are also suitable for planting. The suffix cultivars IAC 388-6, IAC 388-17 and IAC 388-17-1 have longer lateral branches (larger crown diameter). There has been a wide adaptability in Mundo Novo cultivars, obtaining good yields in almost all coffee growing regions in Brazil with an appropriate climate for the C. arabica species. These cultivars are not suitable for dense plantings, but can also be used in this cultivation system. In this case, the spacing should be a little larger than normally used, due to its great vegetative vigor. They are also especially suitable for systems in which pruning is used, whether recepa or neckline, to reduce height, due to the excellent regrowth capacity. The suffix cultivars IAC 376-4, IAC 374-19, IAC 464-12 and IAC 515-20 are the ones that best adapt to the dense-mechanized planting system, if the grower opts for this planting system. The spacings, in this case, should not be less than 2.8-3.5 mx 0.6-0.7 m. In general, they are preferably indicated for wide spacing, using between lines 3.8 - 4.0 m and 0.8 - 1.0 m within the line, with a plant in the hole.
SIRIEMA
Origin
The Siriema cultivar comprises materials from hybridization between coffee trees of the species Coffea arabica (Blue Mountain) and C. racemosa, backcrossed with Mundo Novo, a work started at the IAC, in the 1970s, aiming, mainly, to incorporate resistance to Bicho Mineiro. Coffee seeds of this origin were planted in the Experimental Field of the ex-IBC, in Caratinga, where they were evaluated, being two plants, which proved to be resistant and with better productivity, used in crosses, carried out with coffee trees of Catimor UFV 417, to add characteristics resistance to rust, higher productivity, in addition to the small size of the plants. This new material was sent to the Experimental Farm of Varginha, in the 1980s, with emphasis on the 842-4 plant, where resistance was measured and a new generation was derived, resulting in the selection of progenies that were sent for testing and continued selection. , in Campo at Fazenda Santo Antônio, in Coromandel-MG, where the high attack pressure of Bicho Mineiro facilitates this assessment. Selection work and new crosses are also continuing at the Varginha Experimental Farm. At present, the F8 generation of this material has already been derived. Good results have been obtained from these successive selections, with significant progress in the new generations, some composed of new hybrids, obtaining excellent mother plants in terms of multiple resistance and with productivity similar to commercial standards, such as Catuai. All these Siriema selections are small, some with yellow fruits, others with red fruits. The selection work was guided in 2 lines – 1- Development of cultivars with multiplication by seeds and 2- Cloning of mother plants with good characteristics. As a result, 2 Siriema cultivars have already been registered, in 2014 and 2015, Siriema AS1, with yellow fruits, in the F7 generation, where it was verified, homozygous for resistance to BM, thus enabling its reproduction by seeds and the clonal cultivar Siriema VC -4, composed of 4 matrices (13/36, 7/40, 5/20 and 842-4-2) these are red fruits.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: Red or yellow
Bud color: green
Stamina: High
Maturation: Early
Sieve: High
Resistance: Rust and Miner Bug
planting recommendations
Warmer regions and favorable to Bicho mineiro, dense plantings because Siriema plants have a smaller crown diameter, organic plantings.
TOPAZ
Origin
The Topázio cultivar comes from the cross between the Catuaí Amarelo and Mundo Novo cultivars, carried out by technicians from the Campinas Agronomic Institute (IAC), in the 1960s. Later, with the introduction of this material in Minas Gerais, by the State Agricultural Research System (Epamig-Ufla-UFV), the selection was intensified, culminating in the release of the cultivar Topazio MG 1190 for commercial planting.
Features
Size: Low
Fruit color: yellow
Bud color: green
Stamina: High
Maturity: Late
Sieve: High
Resistance: None
planting recommendations
It is indicated for the main coffee growing regions of Minas Gerais, since it has been showing good adaptability and production stability in different environments, including irrigated coffee, where it has been shown to be quite productive and with less biennial production.